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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">区块链记账原理</h2>
        

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        <p> 区块链(1.0)是一个基于密码学安全的分布式账本，是一个方便验证，不可篡改的账本。<br> 通常认为与智能合约相结合的区块链为区块链2.0, 如以太坊是典型的区块链2.0<br> 很多人只了解过比特币，不知道区块链，比特币实际是一个使用了区块链技术的应用，只是比特币当前太热，把区块链技术的光芒给掩盖了。区块链才是未来，期望各位开发人员少关心币价，多关心技术。<br> 本文将讲解区块链1.0技术是如何实现的。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="哈希函数"><a href="#哈希函数" class="headerlink" title="哈希函数"></a>哈希函数</h2><p>在讲区块链记账之前，先说明一下哈希函数。<br>哈希函数：Hash(原始信息) = 摘要信息<br>原始信息可以是任意的信息, hash之后会得到一个简短的摘要信息</p>
<p>哈希函数有几个特点:</p>
<ul>
<li>同样的原始信息用同一个哈希函数总能得到相同的摘要信息</li>
<li>原始信息任何微小的变化都会哈希出面目全非的摘要信息</li>
<li>从摘要信息无法逆向推算出原始信息</li>
</ul>
<p>举例说明：<br>Hash(张三借给李四100万，利息1%，1年后还本息 …..) = AC4635D34DEF<br>账本上记录了AC4635D34DEF这样一条记录。</p>
<p>可以看出哈希函数有4个作用：</p>
<ul>
<li>简化信息<br>很好理解，哈希后的信息变短了。</li>
<li>标识信息<br>可以使用AC4635D34DEF来标识原始信息，摘要信息也称为原始信息的id。</li>
<li>隐匿信息<br>账本是AC4635D34DEF这样一条记录，原始信息被隐匿。</li>
<li>验证信息<br>假如李四在还款时欺骗说，张三只借给李四10万，双方可以用AC4635D34DEF来验证原始信息</li>
</ul>
<p>哈希函数的这4个作用在区块链技术里有广泛的运用。<br>（哈希函数是一组函数或算法，以后会发文章专门介绍哈希）</p>
<h2 id="区块链记账方法"><a href="#区块链记账方法" class="headerlink" title="区块链记账方法"></a>区块链记账方法</h2><p>假设有一个账页序号为0的账页交易记录如下:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>账号</th>
<th>入账</th>
<th>出账</th>
<th>余额</th>
<th>备注说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>王二</td>
<td>100</td>
<td></td>
<td>190</td>
<td>收到xxx货款</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>张三</td>
<td></td>
<td>100</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>xxxx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>李四</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>xxxx</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>记账时间为：2017-10-22 10:22:02</p>
<p>区块链在记账是会把账页信息（包含序号、记账时间、交易记录）作为原始信息进行Hash, 得到一个Hash值，如：787635ACD, 用函数表示为：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Hash(序号0、记账时间、交易记录) = 787635ACD</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>账页信息和Hash值组合在一起就构成了第一个区块。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>比特币系统里约10分钟记一次账，即每个区块生成时间大概间隔10分钟</p>
</blockquote>
<p>在记第2个账页的时候，会把上一个块的Hash值和当前的账页信息一起作为原始信息进行Hash,即：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Hash(上一个Hash值、序号1、记账时间、交易记录) = 456635BCD</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样第2个区块不仅包含了本账页信息，还间接的包含了第一个区块的信息。依次按照此方法继续记账，则最新的区块总是间接包含了所有之前的账页信息。</p>
<p>所有这些区块组合起来就形成了区块链，这样的区块链就构成了一个便于验证（只要验证最后一个区块的Hash值就相当于验证了整个账本），不可更改（任何一个交易信息的更改，会让所有之后的区块的Hash值发生变化，这样在验证时就无法通过）的总账本。</p>
<p>记账有成本，想了解节点为什么要记账，请看这篇：在<a href="/2017/11/04/bitcoin-pow/" title="比特币如何挖矿-工作量证明">比特币如何挖矿-工作量证明</a> </p>
<p><a href="https://learnblockchain.cn/">深入浅出区块链</a>系统学习区块链，打造最好的区块链技术博客。<br>我的<strong><a href="https://t.xiaomiquan.com/RfAu7uj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">知识星球</a></strong>为各位解答区块链技术问题，欢迎加入讨论。</p>

      
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